Chen Duxiu (1880-1942) is a famous modern scholar and politician, an activist of the May 4th Movement of 1919, and one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In 1902, he founded an organization named ¡°Youth League for Conduct and Ambition Studying¡±, and put forward for the first time the slogan of ¡°democracy and science¡±. In 1915, he chiefly edited the magazine Youth (renamed as New Youth the last year), which started the prelude of New Culture Campaign. In 1917, he was employed to take charge of the science of arts in Peking University, where he initiated the magazine of Weekly Review with Li Dazhao the next year. Since then, he directly devoted himself into the struggle of patriotic movement. Chairman Mao Zedong once called him ¡°the Commander-general of the May 4th Movement of 1919¡±. In the summer of 1920, he set up the first communism group in Shanghai. From the first session to the fifth session of the national congress of CPC, he was elected the head of communist party. During the first domestic revolution war, Chen Duxiu took a compromising and capitulating policy towards Kuomintang rightists¡¯ attack, which resulted in the CPC¡¯s loss of the revolution war. At the August Seventh meeting of CPC in 1927, Chen Duxiu was dismissed from his post. In October 1932, he was arrested by Kuomintang and was set free in 1937. In 1942, he died of illness and left a book of The Articles of Chen Duxiu.