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China in a Decade: New Concept Spurs Greater Development, and A New Era Unleashes Stronger Dynamic

Pub Date:22-10-11 11:26 Source:gmw

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has embarked on an irreversible historical track. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core, people of all ethnic groups in China united in their struggle and forged ahead, achieving on schedule the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, and opening a bright prospect for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

I. Economic strength has increased significantly, China’s comprehensive national strength and international influence have been greatly enhanced

Economic volume elevated to a new level: From 2013 to 2021, China’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 6.6%. From 2013 to 2021, China’s average contribution to world economic growth exceeded 30%, ranking first in the world. In 2021, China’s GDP per capita reached 80,976 RMB, 69.7% higher than in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 6.1% deducting price factors; By average annual exchange rate, China’s GDP per capita in 2021 would be 12,551 USD.

II. Development is comprehensively consolidated, and basic industries and infrastructure are strengthened

Agricultural foundation is further consolidated. With a series of agriculture-related policies, agricultural production has continued to improve, ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products. In 2021, China’s grain output exceeded 1.3657 trillion jins, an increase of 11.5% over 2012, and exceeding the 1.3 trillion jin mark for seven consecutive years. From 2015 to 2021, total cereal production has stayed above 600 million tons, ranking first in the world; the output of meat, fruits, peanuts, seed cotton, tea and other agricultural products ranked first in the world. Agriculture-related technological innovation and mechanization have accelerated. In 2021, the contribution of agricultural science and technology exceeded 60%, and the mechanization rate of crop cultivation, planting and harvesting exceeded 70%.

Energy production is steadily increasing. By preliminary estimates, in 2021, China’s primary energy mix registered a total of 4.33 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 23.2% over 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 2.3%. Among them, raw coal production hit 4.13 billion tons, an increase of 4.6% over 2012; natural gas production reached 207.6 billion cubic meters, an increase of 87.7%; crude oil production hit 198.88 million tons, maintaining a stable supply in general. 2021, total installed capacity for power generation reached 237.692 million kilowatts, an increase of 1.1 times over the end of 2012; the installed capacity of hydro, wind, solar power as well as the nuclear power under construction ranked first in the world, making China the global leader in non-fossil energy.

III. Greater momentum in innovation-driven development, and new progresses in building an innovation-driven country

Rapid increase in investment in innovation. China’s total R&D expenditure surpassed that of Japan in 2013, becoming the world’s second largest country in R&D investment. 2021, R&D expenditure reached 2,795.6 billion yuan, 2.7 times that of 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 11.7%; the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP was 2.44%, 0.53 percentage points higher than that of 2012, which is close to the average level of 2.47% among OECD countries prior to the pandemic. The strategy of developing the country through science, education and talents has been solidly advanced, and the total number of R&D personnel has steadily ranked first in the world. In 2021, the total number of R&D personnel in the country based on the equivalent full-time workload hit 5.62 million people, up 73.1% from 2012, ranking first in the world for 9 consecutive years.

Innovation output continues to expand. Major headways are made in strategic fields of science and technology. A series of major original achievements have emerged in frontier researches such as quantum information, iron-based superconductivity, stem cells and synthetic biology, and major breakthroughs have been made in strategic high-tech fields such as manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing and manufacturing of large aircraft. In 2021, China granted a total of 4.601 million patents, an increase of 2.7 times compared with 2012; the number of international patent applications submitted by Chinese applicants through the PCT route reached 69,500, ranking first in the world for three consecutive years. As of end 2021, the number of valid invention patents reached 3.597 million, with 7.5 high-value invention patents held per 10,000 people. According to the report of the World Intellectual Property Organization, China’s ranking in the Global Innovation Index jumped from 34th in 2012 to 12th in 2021.

IV. Steady pace of coordinated development and continuous optimization of economic structure

The supply side structural reform has deepened, the strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization have accelerated their pace of development, economic restructuring is quickened, economic transformation and upgrading have shown effective results, the spatial layout of regional development has been optimized, and China’s economy in general has become more balanced, coordinated, and sustainable.

Structural reform on the supply side has been deepened. The “Strong Manufacturing” strategy has pushed China to the medium and premium position of the global industrial chain. In 2021, the added value of manufacturing industry reached 31.4 trillion yuan, an increase of 74.3% over 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 6.4% from 2013 to 2021. In 2013-2021, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing enterprises above designated size increased by 11.6% and 9.2% respectively, 4.8 and 2.4 percentage points faster than that of industrial enterprises above designated size. The service industry has grown both in terms of quality and quantity. In 2021, the added value of service industry reached 61.0 trillion yuan, an increase of 90.7% over 2012, with an average annual growth of 7.4% from 2013 to 2021; The service sector accounted for 53.3% of China’s GDP, up 7.8 percentage points against 2013. Labor productivity continues to improve. In 2021, total labor productivity (by 2020 prices) hit 146,380 yuan per person, up 80.3% from 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 6.8% from 2013-2021.

New urbanization and rural revitalization have been solidly promoted. Urbanization has reached a new high. As of end 2021, the urbanization rate of China hit 64.72%, up 11.62 percentage points from the end of 2012, with an average annual increase of 1.29 percentage points. In 2021, the penetration rate of running water in rural areas reached 84%, all villages were connected to broadband, and all villages above designated size were connected to hardened roads. The gap between urban and rural development has been further narrowed. The ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents reduced from 2.88 in 2012 to 2.50 in 2021, and the ratio of per capita consumption was reduced from 2.57 to 1.90.

Editor:Zheng Chen

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